What method helps a developer find specific errors while a program is running?

Debugging is a method specifically designed to identify and resolve errors or bugs within a program while it is executing. This process typically involves analyzing the code, inspecting variable values, and observing the flow of execution to isolate problematic areas that lead to incorrect behavior. Developers often utilize debugging tools or integrated development environments (IDEs) that provide features like breakpoints, step execution, and variable watches, which facilitate an in-depth examination of the program during run time.

While code review is a practice where peers evaluate code to ensure its quality and adherence to standards before it runs, it does not address issues during the execution of the program. Testing, on the other hand, involves running the software to confirm that it behaves as expected, but testing alone might not pinpoint the specific errors encountered during execution. Profiling focuses on analyzing a program's performance, such as resource usage or execution time, rather than directly finding bugs. Thus, debugging is clearly the most appropriate approach for directly identifying and fixing errors during program execution.